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Foundation of Modern Turkey (1921 A.D)During the First World War, Turkey had sided with Germany and Austria-Hungary and as one of the defeated powers; the Ottoman Empire was forced to give up its remaining non-Turkish lands. On 19th May, one of Turkey’s few heroes of the war, Mustapha Kemal Pasha, began organizing resistance to the further dismemberment of Turkey by the victorious powers. This led to his dismissal by the Sultan. Mustapha Kemal Pasha then went on to establish a Nationalist party. The Nationalists put forth a multi-point program including self-determination, security of Constantinople, opening of the Dardanelles Straits, rights for minorities and non-capitulation to any additional demands made by foreign powers.